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Here is a list of the more
important functional groups arranged in decreasing priority order for
a nomenclature perspective. Note that aromatic systems (arenes) should also
be thought of as a functional group, but they don't fit into the priority order
list shown below.
This priority order is important in nomenclature as the higher priority group
is the principle functional group and it is typically numbered such that is
has the lowest number (the locant).
You need to learn to recognise
these functional groups not just for nomenclature but in order to recognise
their reactions later.
In each case the fundamental functional group unit is shown, it is this that
you need to be able to recognise - pay attention to the atoms involved and the
bonding patterns.
All the 3D-JMOL structures can be manipulated using your computer mouse (e.g. zoom, rotate)
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Functional |
Formula |
Structure |
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Carboxylic Acids
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Acid Anhydrides
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Esters
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Acyl Halides
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Amides
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Nitriles
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Aldehydes
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Ketones
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Alcohols
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Thiols
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Amines
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Ethers
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Sulfides
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Alkenes
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Alkynes
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Alkyl Halides
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Nitro
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Alkanes
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©Dr. Ian Hunt, Department of Chemistry |  |