This website provides not only an explanation of how the ballistic pendulum can be used to measure the speed of a bullet but also a calculator to check your work. It can be used to explain a similar assembly involving a spring instead of a pendulum as well. You simply substitute the equation for the potential energy of a spring for (M+m)gd -- the potential energy of the pendulum.
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Hyperphysics
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This describes (with equations and diagrams) the work-energy principle, and how it applies to rotation, including the important conditions for rolling without slipping.
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HyperPhysics
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A great explanation of various types of energy including examples of each.
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Community Science Action Guide
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In this video, Dr. Radi Al-Jishi provides an introduction to the basic math used in physics.
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Educator.com
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Includes information on oscillations, simple harmonic motion, period, Hooke's Law, and energy with mass-spring systems. Many diagrams and equations.
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Spark Notes
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Lecture notes defining point particle systems
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Point Particle System
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This will give basic info on friction and reasons it is a factor
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Splung.com - Physics
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Shows a diagram and example of Coaxial Potential
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Interactive Examples
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A nice simulation of a pendulum. It also graphs the motion for you.
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Oscillator
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